Emission Spectra of LSO and LYSO Crystals Excited by UV Light, X-Ray and γ-ray

Because of their high stopping power (X_o = 1.14 cm, R_(Moliere) = 2.07 cm) and fast (~ 40 ns) bright (4 times of BGO) scintillation, cerium doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) and cerium doped lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystals have attracted a broad interest in the high energy physics community. This paper presents a comparative study on emission spectra measured for large size BGO, lead tungstate (PbWO_4), LSO and LYSO samples excited by UV light (photo-luminescence) with and without internal absorption, X-ray (X-luminescence) and gamma-ray (radio-luminescence). A red shift was observed between the emission spectra with internal absorption as compared to that without. An additional red shift and a significant red component were observed in the radio-luminescence spectra measured for LSO samples but not LYSO samples, which were disappeared after a gamma-ray irradiation with an accumulated dose of 5 x 10^3 rad. This is the only significant difference observed between the large size LSO and LYSO samples. The origin of these red shifts and the consequence to their light output and applications in the high energy and nuclear physics experiments are discussed

Gamma ray induced radiation damage in PWO and LSO/LYSO crystals

This paper compares γ-ray induced radiation damage effect in two kinds of heavy crystal scintillators: PWO and LSO/LYSO. Scintillation emission, optical transmission, light output, decay kinetics and light response uniformity were measured for PWO and LSO/LYSO crystal samples of large size before and after γ-ray irradiations. γ-ray induced phosphorescence was also measured, and the corresponding readout noise was determined

Effects of Neutron Irradiations in Various Crystal Samples of Large Size for Future Crystal Calorimeter

In this paper, we report an investigation on the radiation damage effects induced by neutrons in large size crystal scintillator: BGO, CeF_3, LYSO:Ce and PWO. The irradiations were carried out by using fast neutrons from one ^(241)Am-Be and two ^(252)Cf sources. The optical and scintillation properties of these samples, including UV excitation and emission spectra, longitudinal transmission, light output, decay kinetics and light response uniformity, were measured before and after the irradiations. The neutron induced photo-current was also measured, and was used to estimate the readout noise under the neutron flux expected by an electromagnetic calorimeter at a very severe radiation environment. Because of its high light output and excellent radiation resistance LYSO:Ce crystal is found to have the smallest neutron induced readout noise as compared to other large size crystals, indicating it is a good candidate material for a future crystal calorimeter in a severe radiation environment

A Radiation Damage and Recovery Study for Lead Tungstate Crystals from BTCP and SIC

This paper presents result of a study on radiation damage and recovery for lead tungstate crystals produced at BTCP and SIC. Correlations were observed between initial light output and initial longitudinal transmittance at 360 nm, between the loss of longitudinal transmittance at 440 nm and the loss of light output, and between radiation damages levels at different dose rates. No correlations, however, were found between crystal’s initial optical properties and radiation hardness. Excellent linearity was observed between the variations of crystal’s light output and its longitudinal transmittance at 440 nm in several cycles of irradiation followed by recovery, indicating these PWO crystals can be monitored in situ at LHC

LSO/LYSO Crystals for Future HEP Experiments

Because of their high stopping power (X_0 = 1.14 cm), fast (t = 40 ns) and bright (4 times of BGO) scintillation and good radiation hardness, cerium doped silicate based heavy crystal scintillators (LSO and LYSO) have attracted a broad interest in the high energy physics community pursuing precision electromagnetic calorimeter in severe radiation environment. We present in this paper current status of large size LSO and LYSO crystals adequate for HEP applications. The optical and scintillation properties and their radiation hardness are discussed

Search for scintillation in doped lead fluoride crystals

An effort has been made to introduce scintillation light in lead fluoride crystals by selective doping. It was found that some rare earth ions doped in the crystal may serve as luminescence centers. The photo- and X- luminescence spectrum, the decay time constant and the light output of these doped samples are presented. Because of the slow decay time these doped lead fluoride samples fall short to be used to build a homogeneous hadronic calorimeter with dual readout for future high energy physics experiments. Researches will continue to introduce scintillation in lead fluoride

A Study on Radiation Damage in Large Size LSO and LYSO Crystal Samples

This paper presents a study on radiation damage effect in large size (2.5×2.5×20 cm^3) LSO and LYSO crystals. Optical and scintillation properties, including the longitudinal transmittance and emission spectra, the light output and light response uniformity with PMT and APD readout, are measured before and after γ-ray irradiations with integrated dosage up to 106 rad for three LSO and LYSO samples from different vendors. It was found that the recovery of radiation damage under room temperature is negligible, indicating that radiation damage in LSO and LYSO crystals are not dose rate dependent. It was also found that the overall radiation damage in LSO and LYSO crystals is small as compared to other crystal scintillators commonly used in high energy and nuclear physics experiments